Theory. Conditionals
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Уважно слухай і дивись відео-урок! |
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Type 1
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If-clause (hypothesis) |
Main clause (result) |
Use |
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Real present |
If + Present Simple |
Future, Imperative, can/must/may + bare infinitive |
Real or very probable situation in the present or future |
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If he comes late, we’ll miss the bus. If you can’t afford it, don’t buy it. If you see her, can you give her a message? |
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Type 2 |
If-clause (hypothesis) |
Main clause (result) |
Use |
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Unreal present |
If + Past Simple |
Would/could/might + bare infinitive |
Improbable situation in the present or future; also used to give advice |
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If I were you, I would see a doctor. (advice) If I had money, I could buy a new car. (But I don’t have money.) (improbable situation) |
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Type 3 |
If-clause (hypothesis) |
Main clause (result) |
Use |
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Unreal past |
If + Past Perfect |
Would/could/might + have + past participle |
Unreal or improbable situation in the past; also used to express regret and criticism |
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If you hadn’t been rude, he wouldn’t have punished you. (But you were rude and he punished you.) (criticism) |
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Study the following notes:
· We put a comma after the if-clause when it comes first.
If we go by train, it will be more expensive.
It will be more expensive if we go by train.
· Unless means if not.
We’ll go for a picnic unless it rains.
We’ll go for a picnic if it doesn’t rain.
· After if, we can use were instead of was in all persons.
If I were you, I wouldn’t spend so much money.
· We do not usually use will, would or should in an if-clause.